Akụkọ mkpofu ahịhịa

Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa (nke a makwaara dị ka ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, ihe mkpofu, ihe mkpofu wdg) bụ ngwaọrụ a na-ejikarị ọkụ eletrik arụnyere n'okpuru ebe a na-esi nri dị n'etiti mmiri sink na ọnyà. Ngalaba a na-ekpofu ihe na-akpachapụ ihe mkpofu nri n'ime obere iberibe - n'ozuzu ihe na-erughị 2 mm (0.079 in) na dayameta - iji gafere site na ọkpọkọ.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ na Racine, Wisconsin bụ John W. Hammes chepụtara ngalaba mkpofu ahịhịa na 1927. O tinyere akwụkwọ maka patent na 1933 nke e nyere na 1935. guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ya tinye ihe nkwụnye ya n'ahịa na 1940. A na-arụrịta ụka n'ihe Hammes kwuru, dịka General Electric webatara ngalaba mkpofu ahịhịa na 1935, nke a maara dị ka mkpofu.
N'ọtụtụ obodo dị na United States na 1930 na 1940s, usoro nsị nke ime obodo nwere ụkpụrụ na-amachibido itinye ihe mkpofu nri (ihe mkpofu) n'ime usoro ahụ. John tinyere nnukwu mbọ, ma nwee nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ime ka ọtụtụ obodo kwenye ka ha kagbuo mmachibido iwu ndị a.

Ọtụtụ mpaghara na United States machibidoro iji ihe mkpofu. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị na-ekpofu ihe bụ ndị iwu na-akwadoghị na New York City n'ihi egwu e chere na ọ ga-emebi usoro ọwa mmiri nke obodo ahụ. Mgbe ọmụmụ ihe ọnwa 21 na NYC Department of Environmental Protection gasịrị, iwu obodo 1997/071 kagburu mmachibido iwu ahụ na 1997, bụ nke meziri ngalaba 24-518.1, NYC Administrative Code.

N'afọ 2008, obodo Raleigh, North Carolina nwara mmachibido iwu na ndochi na ntinye nke ndị na-ekpofu ihe, bụ nke gbasakwara n'obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na-ekekọrịta usoro nsị nke obodo, mana kagburu mmachibido iwu ahụ otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị.

Nkuchi na USA

Na United States, ihe dị ka 50% nke ụlọ nwere ebe mkpofu dị ka nke 2009, ma e jiri ya tụnyere naanị 6% na United Kingdom na 3% na Canada.

Na Swidin, ụfọdụ obodo na-akwado ịwụnye ihe mkpofu iji mee ka nrụpụta biogas dị elu.

Ihe kpatara ya

Ihe mkpofu nri sitere na 10% ruo 20% nke mkpofu ụlọ, ma bụrụ ihe na-akpata nsogbu nke mkpofu obodo, na-ekepụta ahụike ọha, idebe ihe ọcha na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro nke ọ bụla, na-amalite site na nchekwa n'ime ma na-esochi nchịkọta nke gwongworo. Na-ere ọkụ n'ụlọ ọrụ na-efunahụ ike, nnukwu mmiri nke ihe mkpofu nri pụtara na ikpo ọkụ na ọkụ ha na-eri ike karịa ka ọ na-emepụta; E liri ya n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, ihe mkpofu nri na-emebi ma na-emepụta gas methane, ikuku griin na-eme ka mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Ihe dị n'azụ iji ihe mkpofu kwesịrị ekwesị bụ ileba ihe mkpofu nri anya dị ka mmiri mmiri (nkezi 70% mmiri, dị ka ihe mkpofu mmadụ), na iji akụrụngwa ndị dị ugbu a (ọwa mmiri n'okpuru ala na ụlọ ọgwụ na-ekpocha mmiri) maka njikwa ya. Osisi mmiri mkpofu nke oge a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ịhazi ihe siri ike organic ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa fatịlaịza (nke a maara dị ka biosolids), yana akụrụngwa dị elu na-ejidekwa methane maka mmepụta ike.